Friday, July 10, 2009

"Patriarch Anisos"?




According to Life of Constantine (again), during his days as professor of philosophy, Constantine/Cyril engaged in a debate with the former "Patriarch Anis of Constantinople", an unrepentant Iconoclast, who had been removed from his office by a council.  Of course there is no patriarch "Anis", but as the OCS version of Greek names consistently drop the final -os, we can see that this is the pseudonym "Anisos" - the unequal.  This seems to say he was someone who held the status of Patriarch but was not worthy of it (whereas Cyril and Methodius are isoapostoloi - "equals to the apostles" in deed if not authority).  The person this most likely refers to is Patriarch John VII, called John the Grammarian, simply because his story matches up with this short description - although he was not referred to (as far as I know) as "John the Unequal" by his many detractors.  Patriarch John VII mentored the last iconoclast emperor Theophilos but was deposed in 843 with his widow's Theodora's restoration of Orthodoxy.  He seems to have remained a leading intellectual of the iconoclast movement.  The illustration above shows the heretical Patriarch wiping out the face of Christ.

Who can tell if this supposed debate between John and Constantine ever took place - it may simply be written to show Constantine opposing the greatest heresy of recent memory, the Iconoclast persecution.  Conventional knowledge would hold that iconoclasm had been laid to rest before Cyril's time.  However, Judith Herren writes in Women in Purple on the weaknesses of the arguments used at 787 council which ended the first iconoclast persecution and the policy in 842-3 of Theodora's regency which reaffirmed that council's position.  More on that later.  At any rate, Kliment Ohridski thought it important to depict Constantine opposing the leading Iconoclast in Constantinople before any of his debates with the Muslims or Jews or the "Trilinguals" in the West.

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